Crinum lilies, also known as swamp lilies or spider lilies, belong to a genus of about 105 species (previously considered 180). These plants, such as Crinum asiaticum, are popular in gardens because of their impressive size and stunning, star-shaped flowers that can really make a statement. While they thrive in warmer climates, many types, like Crinum americanum, are also well-suited for cooler areas. You’ll often find mature crinum lilies in the southern U.S., especially in water gardens or spots with consistently moist soil.
Before adding one of these striking plants to your garden or home, it’s important to understand both how to care for them and any potential risks they might pose to you and your pets.
Are Crinum Lilies Toxic?
Yes, crinum lilies are toxic to both humans and pets. The entire plant is harmful, and the symptoms can vary in severity. While cats are especially at risk (with potentially deadly consequences), dogs and humans may experience milder reactions. There’s limited information about how they affect horses, so it’s best to be cautious.
What Parts of the Crinum Lily Are Toxic?
Every part of the crinum lily can be harmful if ingested. Just a small amount of pollen from some species can cause kidney failure in cats. The bulb, in particular, is highly toxic and is sometimes called the “poison bulb” due to its potency. The sap can also cause skin irritation in some people.
Symptoms of Poisoning
For humans, symptoms of crinum lily poisoning are generally mild, though they can be more severe in children due to their smaller size. These include:
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Stomach pain
- Vomiting
In pets, especially cats and dogs, the symptoms can be much more severe and may include:
- Abdominal pain
- Slow heart rate
- Diarrhea
- Excessive drooling
- Fainting or collapse
- Low blood pressure
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Increased urination
- Kidney failure (in cats)
- Loss of coordination
- Lethargy
- Muscle spasms
- Paralysis
- Redness in eyes, mouth, or tongue
- Seizures
- Vomiting
Symptoms might not appear immediately and can take up to 12 hours to show. These issues arise from alkaloids in the plant, which the body cannot process properly. One such alkaloid, galanthamine, is even studied in Alzheimer’s research but becomes toxic in large amounts, as found in crinum lilies.
How to Handle Crinum Lilies Safely
If you’re handling crinum lilies, it’s always a good idea to wear gloves to protect yourself. Afterward, wash your hands thoroughly to avoid spreading any sap that might harm your pets or contaminate food. You can also place the lilies in areas surrounded by plants that cats typically avoid to keep them away from snacking on the dangerous flowers.
If you suspect that a child or pet has ingested part of a crinum lily, act quickly—call a poison control center or take them to an emergency vet. It’s helpful to bring a sample of the plant with you for identification.
Remember, all species of crinum lily are toxic to some degree, so it’s important to handle them with care, especially around pets and children.
